Editor in Chief: Gabriel Morey León, Ph.D.

The ECOCIENCIA Scientific Journal was founded in December 2014 by Universidad Tecnológica ECOTEC, based in Samborondón, Ecuador. Its mission is to disseminate significant findings from research conducted by faculty members, researchers, and academics, while actively promoting scholarly dialogue, critical thinking, and intellectual exchange among its readers.

ECOCIENCIA publishes a wide range of scientific contributions, including:

• Original research articles


• Reflective articles


• Literature reviews


• Technical reports


• Conference proceedings


• State-of-the-art reviews


• Letters to the editor


• Other relevant academic and scientific submissions

Published: 2025-06-30

Editor in Chief: Ana María Padrón Medina, PhD.

Technical Support: Alejandro Pachón Santana.

The ECOCIENCIA Scientific Journal was founded in December 2014 by ECOTEC Technological University of Samborondón, Ecuador. This scientific journal aims to disseminate the most relevant results obtained from research conducted by faculty members and researchers, as well as to promote academic debate and reflection among its target audience.

The articles published in the journal are of various types: research articles, reflection papers, and review articles. It also publishes technical reports, conference communications, state-of-the-art reviews, letters to the editor, among others.

Latindex | Clase | ProQuest | MIAR | ROAD | CIRC | REDIB | ERIHPLUS

Editor in Chief: Ana María Padrón Medina, Ph.D.
Technical Support: Alejandro Pachón Santana

The ECOCIENCIA Scientific Journal was founded in December 2014 by the ECOTEC Technological University of Samborondón, Ecuador. This scientific journal aims to disseminate the most relevant results obtained from research conducted by faculty members and researchers, as well as to foster academic debate and reflection among its intended audience.

The articles published in the journal are diverse in nature: research articles, reflective articles, and review articles. It also includes technical reports, conference communications, state-of-the-art reviews, letters to the editor, among others.

Latindex | Clase | ProQuest | MIAR | ROAD | CIRC | REDIB | ERIHPLUS

Editor in Chief: Hegira Ramírez Padilla, PhD.

Executive Editor: Lic. Alejandra González Andrade

Technical Support: Alejandro Pachón Santana.

The ECOCIENCIA Scientific Journal was founded in December 2014 by ECOTEC Technological University of Samborondón, Ecuador. This scientific journal aims to disseminate the most relevant results obtained from research conducted by faculty members and researchers, as well as to promote academic debate and reflection among its intended audience.

The articles published in the journal are of various types: research articles, reflection papers, and review articles. It also publishes technical reports, conference communications, state-of-the-art reviews, letters to the editor, among others.

Latindex | Clase | ProQuest | MIAR | ROAD | CIRC | REDIB | ERIHPLUS

Editor in Chief: Hegira Ramírez Padilla, PhD.

Executive Editor: Lic. Alejandra González Andrade

Technical Support: Alejandro Pachón Santana.

The ECOCIENCIA Scientific Journal was founded in December 2014 by ECOTEC Technological University of Samborondón, Ecuador. This scientific journal aims to disseminate the most relevant results obtained from research conducted by faculty members and researchers, as well as to promote academic debate and reflection among its intended audience.

The articles published in the journal are of various types: research articles, reflection papers, and review articles. It also publishes technical reports, conference communications, state-of-the-art reviews, letters to the editor, among others.

Latindex | Clase | ProQuest | MIAR | ROAD | CIRC | REDIB | ERIHPLUS

Editor in Chief: Hegira Ramírez Padilla, PhD.

Executive Editor: Lic. Alejandra González Andrade

Technical Support: Alejandro Pachón Santana.

The ECOCIENCIA Scientific Journal was founded in December 2014 by ECOTEC Technological University of Samborondón, Ecuador. This scientific journal aims to disseminate the most relevant results obtained from research conducted by faculty members and researchers, as well as to promote academic debate and reflection among its intended audience.

The articles published in the journal are of various types: research articles, reflection papers, and review articles. It also publishes technical reports, conference communications, state-of-the-art reviews, letters to the editor, among others.

Latindex | Clase | ProQuest | MIAR | ROAD | CIRC | REDIB

Editor in Chief: Hegira Ramírez Padilla, PhD.

Executive Editor: Lic. Alejandra González Andrade

Technical Support: Alejandro Pachón Santana.

The ECOCIENCIA Scientific Journal was founded in December 2014 by ECOTEC Technological University of Samborondón, Ecuador. This scientific journal aims to disseminate the most relevant results obtained from research conducted by faculty members and researchers, as well as to promote academic debate and reflection among its intended audience.

The articles published in the journal are of various types: research articles, reflection papers, and review articles. It also publishes technical reports, conference communications, state-of-the-art reviews, letters to the editor, among others.

Latindex | Clase | ProQuest | MIAR | ROAD | CIRC | REDIB

Editor in Chief: Hegira Ramírez Padilla, PhD.

Executive Editor: Lic. Alejandra González Andrade

Technical Support: Alejandro Pachón Santana.

The ECOCIENCIA Scientific Journal was founded in December 2014 by ECOTEC Technological University, located in Samborondón, Ecuador. This scientific journal aims to disseminate the most relevant results obtained from research conducted by faculty members and researchers, as well as to promote academic debate and reflection among its intended audience.

The articles published in the journal cover various types: research articles, reflection papers, and review articles. It also includes technical reports, conference communications, state-of-the-art reviews, letters to the editor, among others.

Latindex | Clase | ProQuest | MIAR | ROAD | CIRC | REDIB

Editor in Chief: Hegira Ramírez Padilla, PhD.

Executive Editor: Lic. Alejandra González Andrade

Technical Support: Alejandro Pachón Santana.

The ECOCIENCIA Scientific Journal was founded in December 2014 by ECOTEC Technological University, located in Samborondón, Ecuador. This scientific journal aims to disseminate the most relevant results obtained from research conducted by faculty members and researchers, as well as to promote academic debate and reflection among its intended audience.

The articles published in the journal cover various types: research articles, reflection papers, and review articles. It also includes technical reports, conference communications, state-of-the-art reviews, letters to the editor, among others.

Latindex | Clase | ProQuest | MIAR | ROAD | CIRC | REDIB

Editor in Chief: Hegira Ramírez Padilla, PhD.

Executive Editor: Alejandra González Andrade, Lic.

Technical Support: Alejandro Pachón Santana.

The ECOCIENCIA Scientific Journal was founded in December 2014 by ECOTEC Technological University, located in Samborondón, Ecuador. This scientific journal aims to disseminate the most relevant results obtained from research conducted by faculty members and researchers, as well as to promote academic debate and reflection among its intended audience.

The journal publishes various types of articles: research articles, reflection papers, and review articles. It also includes technical reports, conference communications, state-of-the-art reviews, letters to the editor, among others.

Editor in Chief: Hegira Ramírez Padilla, PhD.

Executive Editor: César Pozo Estupiñan, Mgtr.

Technical Support: Alejandro Pachón Santana.

The ECOCIENCIA Scientific Journal was founded in December 2014 by ECOTEC Technological University, located in Samborondón, Ecuador. This scientific journal aims to disseminate the most relevant results obtained from research conducted by faculty members and researchers, as well as to promote academic debate and reflection among its intended audience.

The journal publishes various types of articles: research articles, reflection papers, and review articles. It also includes technical reports, conference communications, state-of-the-art reviews, letters to the editor, among others.

Editor in Chief: Hegira Ramírez Padilla, PhD.
Executive Editor: César Pozo Estupiñan, Mgtr.
Layout Design: Alejandra González Andrade, Lic.
Technical Support: Alejandro Pachón Santana.

The editorial team of the ECOCIENCIA Scientific Journal would like to dedicate the publication of this volume to our dear friend, colleague, and team member Lic. Alejandra González Andrade, in recognition of her contribution to the development and growth of the ECOCIENCIA Journal.

The ECOCIENCIA Scientific Journal was founded in December 2014 by ECOTEC Technological University, located in Samborondón, Ecuador. This scientific journal aims to disseminate the most relevant results obtained from research conducted by faculty members and researchers, as well as to promote academic debate and reflection among its intended audience.

The journal publishes various types of articles: research articles, reflection papers, and review articles. It also includes technical reports, conference communications, state-of-the-art reviews, letters to the editor, among others.

Editor in Chief: Hegira Ramírez Padilla, PhD.

Executive Editor: César Pozo Estupiñan, Mgtr.

Layout Design: Alejandra González Andrade, Lic.

Technical Support: Alejandro Pachón Santana

The ECOCIENCIA Scientific Journal was founded in December 2014 by ECOTEC Technological University, located in Samborondón, Ecuador. This scientific journal aims to disseminate the most relevant results obtained from research carried out by faculty members and researchers, as well as to promote academic debate and reflection among its target audience.

The journal publishes a variety of content: research articles, reflection papers, and review articles. It also includes technical reports, conference proceedings, state-of-the-art reviews, letters to the editor, among others.

Editor in Chief: Hegira Ramírez Padilla, PhD.
Executive Editor: César Pozo Estupiñan, Economist.
Layout Design: Alejandra González Andrade, Lic.
Technical Support: Alejandro Pachón Santana

The ECOCIENCIA Scientific Journal was founded in December 2014 by ECOTEC Technological University in Samborondón, Ecuador. This scientific journal aims to disseminate the most relevant results obtained from research conducted by faculty members and researchers, as well as to foster academic debate and reflection among its target audience.

The journal publishes a wide range of content: research articles, reflection papers, and review articles. It also features technical reports, conference proceedings, state-of-the-art reviews, letters to the editor, among others.

Editor in Chief: Hegira Ramírez Padilla, PhD.
Executive Editor: César Pozo Estupiñan, Economist.
Layout Design: Alejandra González Andrade, Lic.
Technical Support: Alejandro Pachón Santana

Published: 2022-08-10

The ECOCIENCIA Scientific Journal was founded in December 2014 by ECOTEC Technological University in Samborondón, Ecuador. This scientific journal aims to disseminate the most relevant results obtained from research conducted by faculty members and researchers, as well as to foster academic debate and reflection among its target audience.

The journal publishes a wide range of content: research articles, reflection papers, and review articles. It also features technical reports, conference proceedings, state-of-the-art reviews, letters to the editor, among others.

Latindex | Clase | ProQuest | MIAR | ROAD | CIRC | REDIB

The ECOCIENCIA Scientific Journal was founded in December 2014 by the ECOTEC Technological University of Samborondón, Ecuador. This scientific journal aims to disseminate the most relevant results obtained from research conducted by faculty and researchers, as well as to promote academic debate and reflection among its intended audience.

The articles published in the journal are of diverse nature: research articles, reflection articles, and review articles. Technical reports, conference communications, state-of-the-art reviews, letters to the editor, among others, are also published.

ISSN: 1390-9320

Latindex | Clase | DOAJ | ProQuest | MIAR | ROAD | CIRC | REDIB

The ECOCIENCIA Scientific Journal was founded in December 2014 by the ECOTEC Technological University of Samborondón, Ecuador. This scientific journal aims to disseminate the most relevant results obtained from research carried out by faculty and researchers, as well as to foster academic debate and reflection among its target audience. The articles published in the journal are of various types: research articles, reflective articles, and review articles. Technical reports, conference communications, state-of-the-art reviews, letters to the editor, among others, are also published.

ISSN: 1390-9320

Latindex | Clase | DOAJ | ProQuest | MIAR | ROAD | CIRC | REDIB

The ECOCIENCIA Scientific Journal was founded in December 2014 by the ECOTEC Technological University of Samborondón, Ecuador. This scientific journal aims to disseminate the most relevant results obtained from research conducted by faculty and researchers, as well as to encourage academic debate and reflection among its target audience. The articles published in the journal are of various types: research articles, reflective articles, and review articles. Technical reports, conference communications, state-of-the-art reviews, letters to the editor, among others, are also published.

ISSN: 1390-9320

Latindex | Clase | DOAJ | ProQuest | MIAR | ROAD | CIRC | REDIB

The ECOCIENCIA Scientific Journal was founded in December 2014 by the ECOTEC Technological University of Samborondón, Ecuador. This scientific journal aims to disseminate the most relevant results obtained from research conducted by faculty and researchers, as well as to promote academic debate and reflection among its target audience. The articles published in the journal are of various types: research articles, reflective articles, and review articles. Technical reports, conference communications, state-of-the-art reviews, letters to the editor, among others, are also published.

ISSN: 1390-9320

Latindex | Clase | DOAJ | ProQuest | MIAR | ROAD | CIRC | REDIB

The ECOCIENCIA Scientific Journal was founded in December 2014 by the ECOTEC Technological University of Samborondón, Ecuador. This scientific journal aims to disseminate the most relevant results obtained from research carried out by faculty members and researchers, as well as to promote academic debate and reflection among its target audience. The journal publishes various types of articles: research articles, reflective articles, and review articles. It also includes technical reports, conference proceedings, state-of-the-art reviews, letters to the editor, among others.

ISSN: 1390-9320

Latindex | Clase | DOAJ | ProQuest | MIAR | ROAD | CIRC | REDIB

The ECOCIENCIA Scientific Journal was founded in December 2014 by the ECOTEC Technological University of Samborondón, Ecuador. This scientific journal aims to disseminate the most relevant results obtained from research conducted by faculty members and researchers, as well as to promote academic debate and reflection among its target audience. The journal publishes various types of articles: research articles, reflective articles, and review articles. It also includes technical reports, conference communications, state-of-the-art reviews, letters to the editor, among others.

ISSN: 1390-9320

Latindex | Clase | DOAJ | ProQuest | MIAR | ROAD

The ECOCIENCIA Scientific Journal was founded in December 2014 by the ECOTEC Technological University of Samborondón, Ecuador. This scientific journal aims to disseminate the most relevant results obtained from research conducted by faculty members and researchers, as well as to promote academic debate and reflection among its target audience. The journal publishes various types of articles: research articles, reflective articles, and review articles. It also includes technical reports, conference communications, state-of-the-art reviews, letters to the editor, among others.

The members of the editorial team of the ECOCIENCIA Scientific Journal would like to dedicate the publication of this volume to our dear friend, colleague, and editorial board member Roberto Frías Jiménez, Ph.D., for his contribution to the development and growth of the ECOCIENCIA Journal. May he rest in peace.

ISSN: 1390-9320

Latindex | Clase | DOAJ | ProQuest

The ECOCIENCIA Scientific Journal was founded in December 2014 by the ECOTEC Technological University of Samborondón, Ecuador. This scientific journal aims to disseminate the most relevant results obtained from research conducted by faculty members and researchers, as well as to promote academic debate and reflection among its target audience. The journal publishes various types of articles: research articles, reflective articles, and review articles. It also includes technical reports, conference communications, state-of-the-art reviews, letters to the editor, among others.

ISSN: 1390-9320

Latindex | Clase | DOAJ | ProQuest

The ECOCIENCIA Scientific Journal was founded in December 2014 by the ECOTEC Technological University of Samborondón, Ecuador. This scientific journal aims to disseminate the most relevant results obtained from research conducted by faculty members and researchers, as well as to promote academic debate and reflection among its intended audience. The journal publishes a variety of articles: research articles, reflective articles, and review articles. It also includes technical reports, conference proceedings, state-of-the-art reviews, letters to the editor, among others.

ISSN: 1390-9320

Latindex | Clase | DOAJ | ProQuest

The ECOCIENCIA Scientific Journal was founded in December 2014 by the ECOTEC Technological University of Samborondón, Ecuador. This scientific journal aims to disseminate the most relevant results obtained from research carried out by faculty members and researchers, as well as to foster academic debate and reflection among its intended audience. The journal publishes a variety of article types: research articles, reflective articles, and review articles. It also includes technical reports, conference communications, state-of-the-art reviews, letters to the editor, among others.