Factors influencing the production of hard corn hybrids (Zea maiz L.) in Ecuador

Main Article Content

Lénin Morán Santana
Milton Barcos Arias
Fabián Gordillo Manssur

Abstract

Yellow flint corn (Zea mays L.) It constitutes one of the relevant temporary crops in Ecuador, especially in the coastal region, where it accounts for 78–80% of the national corn production. The present literature review aims to analyze the main factors that influence the production of hard corn hybrids in Ecuador, including genetic, agronomic, climatic, edaphic, and socioeconomic aspects. The average national yield was found to be 4.64 t ha⁻¹, significantly lower than the genetic potential of available hybrids (10–12 t ha⁻¹). Limiting factors include climatic variability, particularly the irregular distribution of rainfall; deficiencies in soil fertility and nutrient management; the incidence of pests and diseases; and limitations in the adoption of technologies by small-scale farmers. Genetic improvement work carried out by institutions such as INIAP has generated hybrids adapted to local agroecological conditions. Implementing comprehensive technological packages, including improved hybrids, appropriate agronomic management, and policies to support the sector, is essential to increasing the productivity and sustainability of this crop in Ecuador.

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How to Cite
Morán Santana, L., Barcos Arias, M., & Gordillo Manssur, F. (2026). Factors influencing the production of hard corn hybrids (Zea maiz L.) in Ecuador. ECOCIENCIA Scientific Journal, 13(1), 189–211. https://doi.org/10.21855/ecociencia.131.1143
Section
Ciencias Agrarias
Author Biographies

Lénin Morán Santana, Universidad de Guayaquil

Ingeniero Agrónomo.

Milton Barcos Arias, Universidad de Guayaquil

Ingeniero Agropecuario. Doctor en ciencias, especialidad en Biotecnología de Plantas.

Fabián Gordillo Manssur, Universidad de Guayaquil

Ingeniero agrícola y biológico. Doctor en agricultura protegida.

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