Performance of Ecuador’s exports of goods to the Andean Community, 2000-2024

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Larry José Yumibanda Montiel
Bella del Rocío Garabiza Castro

Abstract

This research analyzes the performance of Ecuadorian goods exports to Bolivia, Colombia, and Peru during the 2000–2024 period, when Ecuador was already using the U.S. dollar as legal tender. Using a quantitative, descriptive, non-experimental, and longitudinal approach, three indices were applied: 1) trade intensity, 2) destination concentration, and 3) the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index; exports were also classified according to their embodied technological intensity. The results showed that, although all Andean Community countries are relevant markets for Ecuador, their importance differs, as Peru and Colombia account for a larger share of export flows, while Bolivia has a marginal participation. In addition, Colombia proved to be the most stable and diversified market, with a more specialized structure and a lower concentration of products and a greater presence of industrialized goods. Peru, despite accounting for a larger share of export volume, shows greater dependence on primary products and natural resource-based goods, mainly oil and its derivatives. The study also shows that, although trade intensity remained above the reference threshold, a loss of dynamism was observed in trade relations with Colombia and Peru. The research concludes that the relevance of the Andean market for Ecuador does not depend exclusively on export value, but is also influenced by diversification, concentration, and the technological content of the export supply.

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How to Cite
Yumibanda Montiel, L. J., & Garabiza Castro, B. del R. (2026). Performance of Ecuador’s exports of goods to the Andean Community, 2000-2024. ECOCIENCIA Scientific Journal, 13(3), 80–99. https://doi.org/10.21855/ecociencia.133.1216
Section
Economy
Author Biographies

Larry José Yumibanda Montiel, Universidad de Guayaquil

Master's degree in International Business and Foreign Trade Management and Economist. Professor and researcher at the University of Guayaquil.

Bella del Rocío Garabiza Castro, Universidad de Guayaquil

Doctor of Economic Sciences, Master in Finance and Corporate Projects, and Economist. Professor and researcher at the University of Guayaquil.

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