Analysis of volatile compounds generated in the analytical pyrolysis of tomato plant (Solanum Lycopersicum) waste from the AGRUPAR greenhouses
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Abstract
Pyrolysis is a waste valorization method that has been extensively researched. The combined analysis of results generated by thermogravimetry (TGA) and analytical pyrolysis (Py-GC/MS) enables the characterization of waste and the assessment of its potential as a source of energy and value-added products. In this study, we conducted a first-time analysis of the volatile elements produced during the analytical pyrolysis of tomato plant waste from the greenhouses of the AGRUPAR-QUITO association. The objective was to determine its industrial usefulness. Elemental and proximate analyses were conducted using thermogravimetry, and the calorific value was quantified using the Dulong formula. The chemical structure percentages of the biomass were obtained through deconvolution using Origin software. Analytical pyrolysis was performed at eight temperatures ranging from 100 to 800°C, allowing us to examine the evolution of compounds grouped by their functional groups, as well as the major compounds present in each biomass. The findings show that biomass decomposition begins between 300 and 400°C, with the most volatile compounds produced around 500 to 600°C. During this temperature range, pyrolytic compounds exhibit a wide range of molecular weights. The highest yield of organic acids, ketones, alcohols, and furan derivatives occurs near 500°C, while the production of alkanes, alkenes, benzene derivatives, phenols, pyrroles, pyridines, and other nitrogen-containing compounds increases with temperature up to 700 and 800°C. Notably, key compounds like acetic acid, neophytadiene, and 1H-indole are formed. Overall, we conclude that tomato plant residues generate compounds with potential industrial uses.
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