Netnography and user roles in digital tourism communication: the case of spanish-language TripAdvisor

Main Article Content

Gonzalo López-Barranco-Pardo
Alicia Gil-Torres

Abstract

The widespread use of social media has transformed tourism communication and shifted part of the production and circulation of information towards users themselves. In this context, this study explores netnography as a tool for researching online communication and, through its application to TripAdvisor, identifies the roles adopted by users when publishing content that goes beyond merely rating an experience, building on Mkono and Tribe's (2017) typology. A qualitative, exploratory and descriptive study was conducted following Kozinets' netnographic proposal. After successive exploration and selection processes, three Mexican TripAdvisor destinations —Cancún, Tulum and Mazatlán— were selected. A total of 3,528 Spanish-language reviews published between March 2020 and February 2021 were collected; after two screening stages, a corpus of 182 posts was constructed. The analysis combined collating, coding, combining, theming and theoretical translation operations. Six roles were identified: guide or adviser, grateful-affectionate user, social critic, activist, socialite and escapist. The findings extend previous typologies and show that a platform designed to evaluate tourism products also operates as a space for helping others, expressing affection, criticism, mobilization, status presentation and emotional release. Netnography makes it possible to study these uses by simultaneously attending to content, publication context and the researcher's interpretive journey, and offers a useful methodological route for digital communication research.

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Article Details

How to Cite
López-Barranco-Pardo, G., & Gil-Torres, A. (2026). Netnography and user roles in digital tourism communication: the case of spanish-language TripAdvisor. RES NON VERBA Scientific Journal, 16(2), 95–116. https://doi.org/10.21855/resnonverba.v16i2.1248
Section
Social Science
Author Biographies

Gonzalo López-Barranco-Pardo, Universidad de Valladolid

Graduate in Tourism Management. Master's in Research in Communication as a Historical-Social Agent (University of Valladolid). PhD candidate in the Doctoral Program in Spanish: Linguistics, Literature and Communication (University of Valladolid).

Alicia Gil-Torres, Universidad de Valladolid

Holds a PhD in Journalism (with Extraordinary Distinction), a Master's degree in Political Consulting, a Bachelor's degree in Advertising and Public Relations, and a Bachelor's degree in Journalism. Previously, she worked as a communications consultant for a decade, most recently as Chief of Staff to the Secretary of State for Global Spain. She is currently a tenured professor in the Journalism program at the University of Valladolid.

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