Comparison of Nolla stage with the Demirjian age estimation method in forensic odontology: a descriptive review

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José Manuel González Benavides
Francis Anahí Salinas Toro
Hector Octavio Merchán Palma
José Manuel González Eguez

Abstract

The estimation of chronological age through dental development is a fundamental tool in forensic odontology, especially in contexts where official identity documents are unavailable. Among the most widely used techniques, Nolla’s and Demirjian’s methods have demonstrated variable accuracy depending on the studied population. The objective of this study was to compare the accuracy of both methods in a sample of 30 pediatric and adolescent patients (6–16 years old) treated at the Dental Clinic of the University of Guayaquil, using their real chronological age as reference. A quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive, and comparative design was employed. Panoramic radiographs were analyzed using Nolla’s stages (0–10) and Demirjian’s stages (A–H), with statistical analysis performed in SPSS. Results showed that Nolla’s method presented a mean of 8.84 years (SD = 1.71), while Demirjian’s method reached 9.52 years (SD = 2.33), indicating that Nolla tends to underestimate and Demirjian to overestimate chronological age, with greater variability in females. It is concluded that both methods are useful in forensic odontology, but local validation is necessary to improve accuracy; Nolla demonstrated more stability in early ages, while Demirjian showed higher dispersion and dependence on sex. These findings provide valuable empirical evidence for strengthening forensic practice in Ecuador and optimizing age estimation in clinical, legal, and social contexts.

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How to Cite
González Benavides, J. M., Salinas Toro, F. A., Merchán Palma, H. O., & González Eguez, J. M. (2025). Comparison of Nolla stage with the Demirjian age estimation method in forensic odontology: a descriptive review. ECOCIENCIA Scientific Journal, 12(4), 94–108. https://doi.org/10.21855/ecociencia.124.1133
Section
Artículos
Author Biographies

José Manuel González Benavides, Universidad de Guayaquil

Magíster en Salud Pública, perteneciente a la Universidad de Guayaquil.

Francis Anahí Salinas Toro, Universidad de Guayaquil

Odontóloga, perteneciente a la Universidad de Guayaquil.

Hector Octavio Merchán Palma, Universidad de Guayaquil

Odontólogo perteneciente a la Universidad de Guayaquil

José Manuel González Eguez, Universidad de Guayaquil

Odontólogo perteneciente a la Universidad de Guayaquil.

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