COVERAGE OPTIMIZATION IN URBAN 5G NETWORKS USING DIGITAL TWINS AND RAY TRACING TECHNIQUES

Main Article Content

Christian Oswaldo Muñoz Jimbo
Washington

Abstract

This study implements a digital twin of the historic center of Cuenca to evaluate and optimize 5G coverage in a dense urban environment. The high concentration of buildings generates shadowed areas and affects service quality, making the use of high-fidelity propagation models like ray tracing necessary for network planning. A three-dimensional virtual environment was built, and Sionna RT was employed with the 3GPP UMi channel model to simulate signal propagation. Unlike simple angular optimization approaches, this work proposed a two-stage hybrid optimization methodology: first, the positions (x, y) of the transmitters (Tx) were optimized using a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm; second, with the Tx in these optimal positions, they were configured with MIMO UPA (4x4) arrays, and their orientation (azimuth and elevation) was optimized using a Bayesian algorithm, always with the objective of maximizing the average SINR. Functional coverage (P (SINR > 0 dB)) dramatically increased from 20% to 75%. Furthermore, link quality significantly improved, with over 50% of the cells exceeding 5 dB. This confirms that integrating the tools used is a robust method for improving urban coverage and reducing pre-deployment risks.

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How to Cite
Muñoz Jimbo, C. O., & Velasquez, W. (2026). COVERAGE OPTIMIZATION IN URBAN 5G NETWORKS USING DIGITAL TWINS AND RAY TRACING TECHNIQUES. ECOCIENCIA Scientific Journal, 13(1), 128–161. https://doi.org/10.21855/ecociencia.131.1128
Section
Ingeniería y Tecnología
Author Biographies

Christian Oswaldo Muñoz Jimbo, Universidad Estatal Península de Santa Elena

Ingeniero en Electrónica y Telecomunicaciones.

Washington, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral

Doctor en Telemática. Se desarrolla profesionalmente como docente en la Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral (ESPOL)

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