Astaxantina: El antioxidante natural con múltiples beneficios para la salud. Una revisión Astaxanthin: The natural antioxidant with multiple health benefits. A review
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Astaxantina es un carotenoide C40 natural con numerosas funciones biológicas reportadas, la mayoría de ellas asociadas con su actividad antioxidante y antiinflamatoria, destacándose de entre otros antioxidantes la alta capacidad de absorción de radicales de oxígeno y una actividad inhibidora de radicales libres. El estrés oxidativo, causado por factores ambientales y un estilo de vida poco saludable, puede dañar las células y el ADN, lo que conduce al incremento de diversas enfermedades relacionadas con el estrés. Por lo anterior, existe un gran interés en descubrir bioproductos beneficiosos en la salud humana. La presente información se fundamenta en la revisión de 32 artículos científicos más relevantes descargados desde las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science y Google Scholar que permitieron conocer el efecto potencial de la astaxantina. Se resumió la importancia de la actividad biológica de astaxantina y presentó los efectos antiinflamatorios, hepatoprotectores, neuroprotectores, protectores oculares, protectores de la piel, efectos en la fertilidad y en el sistema inmune. Además, se ha investigado su actividad antidiabética, antioxidante, cardiovascular, anticancerígena, en modelos experimentales in situ, in vivo y en humanos. La presente revisión sugiere que astaxantina es un candidato prometedor para la prevención y el tratamiento de varias enfermedades asociadas con el estrés oxidativo.
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