Análisis de las exportaciones ecuatorianas por medio del modelo de gravedad. Caso banano Ecuadorian exports analysis through a gravity model approach. Banana case

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Luis Tonon Ordóñez, Mgtr.
Jorge Vásquez Bernal, Econ.
Ana Armijos Orellana, Econ.
Jorge Altamirano Flores, Ph.D.

Resumen

Esta investigación utilizó el modelo de gravedad para explicar el comportamiento de las exportaciones de banano ecuatoriano a los principales doce países destinos entre el año 2000 y 2019. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar las variables que influyeron en estos flujos comerciales, estimando dos modelos de datos de panel mediante el uso de efectos aleatorios. Ambos modelos, el PIB sectorial y el PIB de los países importadores se tomaron en cuenta como variables comunes, y cada modelo fue diferenciado según la variable que representa la resistencia al comercio. El primer caso fue la distancia medida en kilómetros y el segundo caso fue un índice de costos comerciales de productos agrícolas. Se concluyó que el segundo modelo era más adecuado tanto para el marco teórico como para los flujos comerciales en estudio. Los resultados han demostrado que los costos del comercio de bienes agrícolas tuvieron un efecto negativo mayor en las exportaciones de banano ecuatoriano que la distancia geográfica.

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Tonon Ordóñez, L., Vásquez Bernal, J., Armijos Orellana, A. ., & Altamirano Flores, J. (2022). Análisis de las exportaciones ecuatorianas por medio del modelo de gravedad. Caso banano: Ecuadorian exports analysis through a gravity model approach. Banana case. REVISTA CIENTÍFICA ECOCIENCIA, 9(4), 77–110. https://doi.org/10.21855/ecociencia.94.699
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